The year 2025 was marked by unprecedented economic fluctuations, reflecting a global reassessment of priorities and risks. In this context, commodity and energy markets, along with digital currencies and global and Gulf stock markets, served as a true mirror of these transformations. Thus, amid escalating geopolitical tensions, tightening monetary policies, followed by their cautious easing, slowing global growth, and rising protectionist sentiments, investors and decision-makers found themselves in a complex economic environment requiring careful reading and in-depth analysis.
