Many are unaware that pills we consider safe can become a source of severe pain and serious complications if they get stuck in the esophagus. As anatomy professor Adam Taylor from Lancaster University explains on the 'Science Alert' website, this condition is known as drug-induced esophagitis. It occurs when a tablet or capsule becomes lodged in the lower part of the esophagus, near the stomach. In rare and untreated cases, ulcers can worsen, leading to a tear in the esophageal wall and a severe infection. Specialists advise following simple yet effective habits to prevent this issue, including taking medication with a full glass of water to push the pill directly into the stomach. There, upon dissolving, they release concentrated chemical components—often acidic or alkaline—directly onto the delicate tissues lining the esophagus, causing rapid chemical burns, inflammation, and acute pain. Despite being underreported, studies indicate an incidence rate of about 3.9 cases per 100,000 people annually. Cases of esophagitis have been linked to caffeine tablets, potassium supplements, and high-dose vitamins C and E. Symptoms are typically similar to heartburn but more severe, including acute pain behind the breastbone, difficulty or pain when swallowing, and a sudden hoarseness of voice. Bisphosphonates, used to treat osteoporosis, are the most common culprits, followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen, and tetracycline-class antibiotics. Over-the-counter dietary supplements and vitamins can also pose a risk. Even children are not immune, as their esophagi are narrower and swallowing can sometimes be difficult. It's not just potent medications that are responsible; some of the most common ones can also cause harm. Older adults are also a high-risk group due to age-related changes that slow esophageal motility. People worldwide consume up to 3.8 trillion drug doses annually, most in tablet form due to their ease of use and relative safety. However, vigilance and consulting a doctor upon the appearance of persistent symptoms are the most crucial steps to prevent any problem from escalating. Mild cases often resolve spontaneously without medical care, leading to underreporting. Women in middle age are the most affected group due to their higher consumption of medications, particularly those related to bone health.
